Joint Spatial Modeling of Nutrients and Their Ratio in the Sediments of Lake Balaton (Hungary): A Multivariate Geostatistical Approach

Eutrophication, water quality, and environmental status of lakes is a global issue that depends not only on external loadings from industrial, agricultural, municipal sources but often also internal lake sediments. In the latter case, in addition to quality quantity nutrients stored sediments, their relative content may be an important factor. example Lake Balaton, we jointly modeled spatial distribution nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) ratio (i.e., N:P) sediments then provided predictions at different scales point, basin, entire lake) with associated uncertainty. Our aim was illustrate merits applying multivariate geostatistics when modeling more than one variable targeted various ecosystems. Variography confirmed there interdependence between nutrients. The results revealed allows this taken into account exploited provide coherent accurate models. Additionally, stochastic realizations, reproducing joint variability, can generated allow providing spatially aggregated uncertainty scales. study highlighted it worthy case two or variables, which vary space,